Proper brain cell function is essential for overall bodily  function. The blood vessels supplying the brain are protected by the  blood-brain barrier (BBB), a membrane that facilitates waste removal from the  brain into the bloodstream while preventing toxins and pathogens from  penetrating into the sensitive brain tissue. BBB dysfunction is linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. The BBB also presents a clinical  challenge, as it hinders the delivery of medications to brain tissue, which  is crucial for treating these diseases.  

In this study by Sheba Medical Center researchers sought to determine how  microgravity in space affects BBB function. The astronauts underwent  advanced, non-invasive tests before and after spaceflight, including  sophisticated analysis of MRI brain scans and blood protein marker extraction  to reveal any changes in BBB function caused by spaceflight and microgravity.  The findings from this groundbreaking study will help scientists find ways to  modulate BBB function and permeability, enabling both the removal of toxic waste proteins and the delivery of therapeutic drugs to the brain. Such  capabilities will usher in new treatments for Alzheimer’s and other  neurodegenerative diseases, helping many patients worldwide.